

Domestication of dogs is said to be around 15,000 years ago and “caveman” refers to humans in the paleolithic which is between 3.3 million and 11,700 years ago. So there’s a few thousand years where technically a “caveman” could have a pet dog.
Domestication of cats occurred around 9,500 years ago so past the cutoff for caveman.
I honestly just looked up the dates on Wikipedia! I was surprised that the dates of dog domestication and “caveman” actually overlapped but it feels like a technicality to me. The question is definitely subjective. The date range of “caveman” is literally millions of years. Human ancestors 3 million years ago and 11,700 years ago would have huge differences. I’d assume 11,700 years ago the people were more like nomadic tribes and less like “caveman”. I also don’t believe the first dogs were really pets as much as they were just alright with being around humans. Whereas the domestication of cats article talks about finding humans being buried with cats which is more of a direct sign of a pet relationship.
It’s definitely an interesting question that deserves a bit more thought than overlapping dates!