Abstract

Most of the widely used vaginal lubricants in the U.S. and Europe are strongly hyperosmolal, formulated with high concentrations of glycerol, propylene glycol, polyquaternary compounds or other ingredients that make these lubricants 4 to 30 times the osmolality of healthy vaginal fluid. Hyperosmolal formulations have been shown to cause marked toxicity to human colorectal epithelia in vivo, and significantly increase vaginal transmission of genital herpes infections in the mouse/HSV model. They also cause toxicity to explants of vaginal epithelia, to cultured vaginal epithelial cells, and increase susceptibility to HIV in target cells in cell cultures. Here, we report that the osmolality of healthy vaginal fluid is 370 ± 40 mOsm/Kg in women with Nugent scores 0–3, and that a well-characterized three-dimensional human vaginal epithelium tissue model demonstrated that vaginal lubricants with osmolality greater than 4 times that of vaginal fluid (>1500 mOsm/Kg) markedly reduce epithelial barrier properties and showed damage in tissue structure. Four out of four such lubricants caused disruption in the parabasal and basal layers of cells as observed by histological analysis and reduced barrier integrity as measured by trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER). No epithelial damage to these layers was observed for hypo- and iso-osmolal lubricants with osmolality of <400 mOsm/Kg. The results confirm extensive reports of safety concerns of hyperosmolal lubricants and suggest the usefulness of reconstructed in vitro vaginal tissue models for assessing safety of lubricants in the absence of direct clinical tests in humans.

What do you even mean with your word salad?

Your first sentence/paragraph is absurd in the post’s context. Crop rotation will not replenish the soils’ potassium.

And in your 2nd paragraph… what do you mean by “similar purpose”? It’s ambiguous, how you have used it. Also, do you know anything of how fertilizers work?

Quick quiz: Wheat has b12 vitamin and iodine, can you just eat more bread to replenish your body’s neads for those nutrients? Or does a balanced diet need to be …balanced for all nutrients?

EDIT: I think Musk went of the rails after he got COVID, I speculate. It’s my own take on creating a conspiracy theory.

Musk see!

“Who would have known that the mighty people of Yemen would challenge the empires of the world,” he added, referring to the Houthi attacks on international shipping in the Red Sea that have led to two nights of retaliatory strikes by the US and UK.

This does not sound like somebody interested in promoting peace.

What you said on the 1st sentence is okay. After that, is clueless. …in the context of discussing the difficulties - technical and economical - of growing specific algae for food.

After sterilising everything and sigeling out the alge you want you should in theory be able to run more or less indefinitely.

This is like saying that if there’s sun and no clouds, in theory, the sky should be blue. In practice there’s no useful information added to the discussion on the…

And if a contamination of found it just a matter of sterilizing everything with steam and reboot the system.

Like in all that is microbiology, kind of. Except steam is not sterilising. Unless under autoclave pressures. Inside an autoclave. Even in those conditions, which are agreed to be sterilising, even then not all microbes are killed and contamination is still considered as an issue in some cases. Again, in practice there’s no useful information added to the discussion on the…

Your non-expert overconfidence is not unique. It’s an epidemic. And that’s why I’m triggered to comment on it.

Keeping things sterile is very labour and energy intensive, even in the Pharma industry, where the profit margins are orders of magnitude above what you can do in the food industry.

Look this will sound harsh, but it’s not, really.

Your reasoning is good if you compare it to an hypothesis a student of Pasteur or Koch could have thought of 150 yrs ago.

Thus I have to ask you, why did you think you have a good take on this?

This comment, above, does not provide any context to the news linked.

/doubt

Could the solution to the decades-long battle against malaria be as simple as soap?

No. And not simple.

What a terrible choice of title.

If adding hand-wash dish soap works with a family of insecticides but not with another one, it’s not simple. And it’s not just the soap. Also the ‘new’ insecticides, neocotinoids, are quite problematic on their own, which also makes them not simple to use.

It is the same thing.

It is explained in the link.

A hint, just after the title: “MIT engineers and collaborators developed a solar-powered device that avoids salt-clogging issues of other designs.”

Hmmm…

I think I can see where that took you.

On this subject, the shallowness of your thoughts is only matched by the authoritative way in which you express them.

Can I suggest you to allow yourself to be left your thoughts to think it over.

damaging homeowners and the broader financial system in the country.

Or, showing that current homeowners overpaid, opening the door to new homeowners and allowing the broader financial system to have losses we all knew were possible.