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I would take this with a grain of salt. None of the programming languages I have used require this level of in-depth knowledge. Certainly not modern C++.
It’s not so much about the programming language you use, it’s about what data you’re taking in, what you’re doing with it, and where you’re passing the data off to next.
If everything is all the same encoding, or all your data is ANSI you never have to think about it. It’s only when your program runs across systems or regions things get screwed up